Most coughs, sore throats, and runny noses in children are caused by viral infections. These are extremely common, especially during the colder months, and usually clear up on their own within a week or two.

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Caring for Your Child at Home

Viral infections don’t need antibiotics, but there’s lots you can do to help your child feel better:

• Encourage plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
• Make sure they get lots of rest.
• Use paracetamol or ibuprofen if they have a temperature or seem uncomfortable (check the right dose for their age).
• Keep the air fresh but warm, and use saline drops or sprays for a blocked nose.

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Most children will start to improve within a few days. The cough may linger for a while — that’s normal as the body recovers.

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How to Tell If It Might Be Bacterial

Sometimes, a viral infection can lead to a bacterial infection. This is when your child may need to see a doctor.
Look out for:

• A fever that lasts more than 3 days, or comes back after getting better.
• Breathing faster than usual, working hard to breathe, or grunting.
• Ear pain, ear discharge, or severe sore throat.
• Thick green or yellow mucus that worsens after 10–14 days.
• Unusual sleepiness, pale appearance, or difficulty waking.
• Fewer wet nappies or not drinking enough fluids.

If you notice any of these signs, contact your GP or NHS 111 for advice.

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Trust Your Instincts

You know your child best. Most coughs and colds are harmless and simply need time and care — but if something doesn’t feel right, it’s always okay to ask for help.

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